Sweden Private Limited Company Formation (Aktiebolag)

This file is the source-review record for this document version, per the manual-source-review-v1 practice.

Current claim

• status: draft
• verification.method: manual-source-review-v1
• verification.lastVerifiedAt: 2026-07-10

Research trail (GOV-2056, "GovSchema Standard Research")

This cycle's task brief asks (phase 1) to catalog what the registry already covers and (phase 2) to research online for missing government portals/forms. Phase 1 found the registry at 28 jurisdictions, 318 published schemas. A fresh read of CATALOG.md's Executive Summary jurisdiction table and Known Gaps section found every remaining whole-jurisdiction-vertical ✗ cell already screened in a prior cycle and confirmed either a dead end (JP Passport — mofa.go.jp domain-blocked; JP DMV — no jurisdiction publishes a home-fillable driver's-licence form, in-person only; CZ/ID/MX National ID — in-person/biometric-only; NL/ZA/PL/PT Visa — confirmed duplicates of de/auswaertiges-amt/national-visa-application's EU-harmonized template) or a weak backlog candidate already flagged and deferred (CH/PT Business Formation — authenticated SPA with no PDF fallback; India ITR-3's deferred shared schedules — structurally identical to ITR-2's already-published ones). No genuinely open whole-vertical gap remained unscreened for any of the 28 existing jurisdictions, so this cycle searched instead for a new jurisdiction the registry does not yet cover at all, per the brief's own phase-2 instruction, rather than re-attempting an already-dead-ended gap.

Web research (WebSearch) for "Bolagsverket blankett 816" / "Sweden company registration form PDF fillable" found Sweden's Bolagsverket (Companies Registration Office) publishes Form 816 ("Nyregistrering — Aktiebolag | Registration of a new company — Limited company") as a directly downloadable, officially bilingual Swedish/English AcroForm PDF, with no CAPTCHA, login, or WAF gate — a genuinely new, unscreened jurisdiction with an unusually strong source (the same "officially bilingual" strength that made jp/isa/certificate-of-eligibility-application the strongest candidate in its own cycle).

Sources examined

• Document (id, version): se/bolagsverket/aktiebolag-formation / 1.0.0
• Spec version: GovSchema 0.3.0
• Authority: Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket).
• Primary source: Bolagsverket Form 816 e ("Nyregistrering | Registration of a new company — Aktiebolag | Limited company", edition 2025-11-07), downloaded directly from https://bolagsverket.se/download/18.46f4138717c599ee403ab3fa/1763624613404/816e.pdf, linked from the official forms page https://bolagsverket.se/en/sjalvservice/blanketterochmallar/aktiebolag.1713.html. A genuine, official, fillable AcroForm PDF (8 pages), retrieved with a direct curl fetch (HTTP 200, no block, using a browser User-Agent; the bare download path 301-redirects and needs -L). The Swedish-only sibling (Form 816, same download host, .../1763624522422/816.pdf) was also fetched and confirms the two are the same form, one bilingual and one Swedish-only.
• Cross-referenced pages: the same Bolagsverket forms-and-templates index page (.../blanketterochmallar.1713.html) for the form number and edition date; Aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) chapter 1 section 5 for the SEK 25,000 minimum share capital, corroborating rather than contradicting the form's own printed "Minimum SEK 25,000 for private limited companies" line.
• Field extraction method: pdfjs-dist's getTextContent() (full text layer, all 8 pages, position-tagged with each item's x/y transform) and getFieldObjects() plus page-level getAnnotations() (AcroForm field names, types, and each field's PDF-level Required flag via fieldFlags & 2) — the same rigor already used for nl/kvk/bv-formation, ca/on/registration/business-incorporation, and de/gewerbeamt/business-registration. The PDF carries 156 AcroForm text fields across its 8 pages; programmatically checked all 156 annotations' fieldFlags: none set the PDF's own Required bit (fieldFlags & 2 === 0 for every field) — the identical "form's own prose, not the PDF's Required bit, is the requiredness signal" pattern already documented for nl/kvk/bv-formation and nl/kvk/sole-proprietorship-registration-eenmanszaak. Pages 5-8 of the same PDF are the form's own official English-language field-by-field guide (section-numbered, matching the numbered sections on pages 1-4), used directly to write each field's description and to resolve which sections are conditional ("if appointed", "if applicable").
• Retrieved / reviewed: 2026-07-10.
• Reviewer: GovSchema Engineering (Standards Engineer — initial authoring source review).

What was confirmed against the source

| Source element | Field(s) | |---|---| | §1 (p.1): contact information for this case | contactFullName, contactPostalAddress, contactPostcode, contactTownCity, contactEmail, contactPhoneDaytime, contactHasDepositAccount, contactDepositAccountNumber | | §2 (p.1): business address | businessPostalAddress, businessPostcode, businessTownCity, businessEmailAddress | | §3 (p.1): business name proposals | businessNameProposal1, businessNameProposal2, businessNameProposal3 | | §6 (p.1), guide §6 (p.5): share capital, minimum SEK 25,000 | shareCapitalAmountSek, numberOfShares | | §7 (p.1), guide §7 (p.6): founder identity/name | founderIdOrOrgNumber, founderResidesAbroad, founderCountry, founderFullName | | §8 (p.2), guide §8 (p.6): board member identity/address, EEA-residency note | boardMemberIdNumber, boardMemberResidesAbroad, boardMemberCountry, boardMemberSurname, boardMemberFirstNames, boardMemberPostalAddress, boardMemberPostcode, boardMemberTownCity | | §9 (p.2), guide §9 (p.7): deputy board member | deputyBoardMemberIdNumber, deputyBoardMemberResidesAbroad, deputyBoardMemberCountry, deputyBoardMemberSurname, deputyBoardMemberFirstNames, deputyBoardMemberPostalAddress, deputyBoardMemberPostcode, deputyBoardMemberTownCity | | §18 (p.4), guide §18 (p.8): five signatory-power alternatives | signatoryPowerType, signatoryPowerOtherText | | §20 (p.4): declaration bullet points, signature | signerPrintedName, signatureDate, documents[].declarationStatement, documents[].signerHandwrittenSignature | | p.5: attachments always required | documents[].memorandumOfAssociation, documents[].articlesOfAssociation, documents[].bankCertificate, documents[].shareSubscriptionList | | p.6-7: passport-copy attachment for anyone not in the Swedish population register | documents[].founderPassportCopy, documents[].boardMemberPassportCopy, documents[].deputyBoardMemberPassportCopy |

What is NOT independently confirmed / out of scope

• No PDF-level Required flags. As noted above, none of the 156 AcroForm fields set the PDF's own Required bit; required/requiredWhen assignments in this document are derived from the form's own numbered prose instructions and standard registration necessity, not a confirmed submission-time gate.
• Non-cash (in-kind) property contributions (apportegendom). The form's §6 asks for cash and non-cash amounts as separate boxes, and p.6 lists a substantial extra attachment set for non-cash contributions (a statement in the memorandum, two years of financial statements if the property is a business, an authorized-auditor valuation statement). Out of scope: this document models only an all-cash contribution, the same class of scoping decision nl/kvk/bv-formation makes for "non-cash (in-kind) capital contributions."
• Chair of the board (§10). Applies "only if the board consists of more than one board member" (p.7 guide) — moot in this document's one-ordinary- board-member scope.
• Managing director / deputy managing director (§§11-12), specially authorized signatory (§13). All three are "if appointed" roles a private aktiebolag is not required to have (unlike a public aktiebolag, which must appoint a managing director); out of scope, matching this document's minimal-officer scoping.
• Person authorized to receive service of process (§14). Required only "if the company does not have an authorized representative who is resident (domiciled) in Sweden" (p.7 guide). This document scopes to a Sweden-resident founder/board member/deputy (i.e. foundeResidesAbroad etc. all false in the common case), so this role is never triggered in scope; the abroad-resident branch (which would also require an EEA-residency-exemption application per §8's guide) is a real, disclosed future companion-schedule candidate, not a sourcing dead end.
• Auditor, deputy auditor, accounting-firm-as-auditor (§§15-17). Sweden has exempted small private companies from mandatory audit since 2010 (below specific balance-sheet/turnover/employee thresholds); this document assumes the newly formed company qualifies for that exemption, the common case for a brand-new single-founder aktiebolag, and does not model the auditor-appointment branch. A future companion-schedule cycle could add it, mirroring how jp/houmukyoku/stock-company-establishment-registration-application-board-of-directors models Japan's mandatory-auditor branch for its own board-installed variant.
• Secondary business name (§§4-5). An optional bifirma naming a distinct part of the business; out of scope as an edge case beyond the core registration.
• Other matters (§19). Free-text catch-all for a second founder (beyond the two rows the base form pre-prints), lay auditors, or other overflow content; out of scope by this document's single-founder/no-auditor scoping.
• Registration fee amount. The form itself states only that "we will send you a notification... with information about the registration fee and how to pay it" (p.4) — no fee amount is printed on the form, so no payment-category documents[] entry is modelled (a fabricated amount from an external, unlinked fee schedule would fail this document's own source-fidelity bar).
• Beneficial-ownership registration. The form's own closing note (p.8) states this is a separate filing with Bolagsverket, due within four weeks of registration — a distinct, downstream filing not modelled here, the same class of exclusion nl/kvk/bv-formation applies to KVK's UBO Formulier 30.
• Address decomposition. All postal addresses are modelled as single free-text strings, matching the form's own single free-text address box per person/entity, not a decomposed street/number/postal-code/city object.
• Live e-service parity. The form's own p.5 notes a verksamt.se e-service alternative exists (Swedish-only); not screened this cycle — this document is sourced entirely from the paper/PDF form, not a live wizard walkthrough.

Scope and jurisdiction notes

• Opens Sweden as GovSchema's 29th jurisdiction, with one vertical (Business Formation) modelled; Sweden's other five verticals (Passport, DMV, Taxes, Visa, National ID) are open, unscreened backlog candidates for a future cycle.
• Scoped to the single-founder/sole-ordinary-board-member case (the founder is also the company's one ordinary board member), the same narrowing nl/kvk/bv-formation, de/handelsregister/gmbh-formation-musterprotokoll, and za/cipc/private-company-incorporation each apply to their own jurisdiction's first true-limited-company schema — the natural first cut, deferring the multi-founder/multi-board-member/auditor-appointed variants to a future version.
• The mandatory deputy board member (Aktiebolagslagen 8:3, triggered whenever the board has fewer than three ordinary members) is modelled as required, not optional — a genuine legal consequence of this document's own board-size scoping, the same kind of disclosed, scope-driven requiredness change jp/houmukyoku/stock-company-establishment-registration-application-board-of-directors made for its mandatory-auditor field.
• Conditional flow is expressed with requiredWhen throughout (GSP-0013); no branch in this document's scope disqualifies the applicant, so no transitions/exitReason construct is used.

Path to a verified claim (next step)

To advance to status: verified, a reviewer confirms the exact requiredness Bolagsverket enforces when Form 816 is filed (paper or via verksamt.se), whether the small-company audit exemption genuinely applies with no further declaration on this form, and whether verksamt.se's e-service exposes any field this paper-form sourcing does not — recording the outcome here, shipping a new schema version if discrepancies are found (VERSIONING.md §3, immutability).

Test run

A mock conformance/se/bolagsverket/aktiebolag-formation/1.0.0/application-packet.json scenario (Elin Bergström, a single-founder Gothenburg IT-consultancy aktiebolag, all-cash SEK 25,000 share capital for 2,500 shares, Elin as the sole ordinary board member and Sweden-resident, Oskar Lindqvist as the mandatory Sweden-resident deputy board member, signatory alternative 1) was checked with a from-scratch script re-implementing this document's own required/requiredWhen condition grammar (GSP-0013). Result: 0 errors across all 41 fields (35 collected, 6 correctly marked not-applicable). Two mutation tests confirmed the condition grammar fires correctly in both directions: (1) changing signatoryPowerType to other_specified_below without adding signatoryPowerOtherText correctly raised 1 missing-required-field error; (2) changing boardMemberResidesAbroad to true without adding boardMemberCountry correctly raised 1 missing-required-field error. The schema was also validated against the GovSchema v0.3 meta-schema with tools/validate-ajv.mjs (pass).

Re-verification

Per the practice's Cadence, nextReviewBy is set to 2027-01-10 (6 months).