# Verification record — `se/bolagsverket/aktiebolag-formation` v1.0.0 This file is the **source-review record** for this document version, per the [`manual-source-review-v1`](../../../../../practices/manual-source-review-v1.md) practice. ## Current claim - **`status`:** `draft` - **`verification.method`:** `manual-source-review-v1` - **`verification.lastVerifiedAt`:** `2026-07-10` ## Research trail (GOV-2056, "GovSchema Standard Research") This cycle's task brief asks (phase 1) to catalog what the registry already covers and (phase 2) to research online for missing government portals/forms. Phase 1 found the registry at 28 jurisdictions, 318 published schemas. A fresh read of `CATALOG.md`'s Executive Summary jurisdiction table and Known Gaps section found every remaining whole-jurisdiction-vertical `✗` cell already screened in a prior cycle and confirmed either a **dead end** (JP Passport — `mofa.go.jp` domain-blocked; JP DMV — no jurisdiction publishes a home-fillable driver's-licence form, in-person only; CZ/ID/MX National ID — in-person/biometric-only; NL/ZA/PL/PT Visa — confirmed duplicates of `de/auswaertiges-amt/national-visa-application`'s EU-harmonized template) or a **weak backlog candidate already flagged and deferred** (CH/PT Business Formation — authenticated SPA with no PDF fallback; India ITR-3's deferred shared schedules — structurally identical to ITR-2's already-published ones). No genuinely open whole-vertical gap remained unscreened for any of the 28 existing jurisdictions, so this cycle searched instead for a **new jurisdiction** the registry does not yet cover at all, per the brief's own phase-2 instruction, rather than re-attempting an already-dead-ended gap. Web research (`WebSearch`) for "Bolagsverket blankett 816" / "Sweden company registration form PDF fillable" found Sweden's Bolagsverket (Companies Registration Office) publishes Form 816 ("Nyregistrering — Aktiebolag | Registration of a new company — Limited company") as a directly downloadable, officially bilingual Swedish/English AcroForm PDF, with **no CAPTCHA, login, or WAF gate** — a genuinely new, unscreened jurisdiction with an unusually strong source (the same "officially bilingual" strength that made `jp/isa/certificate-of-eligibility-application` the strongest candidate in its own cycle). ## Sources examined - **Document `(id, version)`:** `se/bolagsverket/aktiebolag-formation` / `1.0.0` - **Spec version:** GovSchema `0.3.0` - **Authority:** Swedish Companies Registration Office (Bolagsverket). - **Primary source:** Bolagsverket Form 816 e ("Nyregistrering | Registration of a new company — Aktiebolag | Limited company", edition 2025-11-07), downloaded directly from `https://bolagsverket.se/download/18.46f4138717c599ee403ab3fa/1763624613404/816e.pdf`, linked from the official forms page . A genuine, official, fillable AcroForm PDF (8 pages), retrieved with a direct `curl` fetch (HTTP 200, no block, using a browser `User-Agent`; the bare download path 301-redirects and needs `-L`). The Swedish-only sibling (Form 816, same download host, `.../1763624522422/816.pdf`) was also fetched and confirms the two are the same form, one bilingual and one Swedish-only. - **Cross-referenced pages:** the same Bolagsverket forms-and-templates index page (`.../blanketterochmallar.1713.html`) for the form number and edition date; Aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) chapter 1 section 5 for the SEK 25,000 minimum share capital, corroborating rather than contradicting the form's own printed "Minimum SEK 25,000 for private limited companies" line. - **Field extraction method:** `pdfjs-dist`'s `getTextContent()` (full text layer, all 8 pages, position-tagged with each item's `x`/`y` transform) and `getFieldObjects()` plus page-level `getAnnotations()` (AcroForm field names, types, and each field's PDF-level `Required` flag via `fieldFlags & 2`) — the same rigor already used for `nl/kvk/bv-formation`, `ca/on/registration/business-incorporation`, and `de/gewerbeamt/business-registration`. The PDF carries **156 AcroForm text fields** across its 8 pages; programmatically checked all 156 annotations' `fieldFlags`: **none** set the PDF's own Required bit (`fieldFlags & 2 === 0` for every field) — the identical "form's own prose, not the PDF's Required bit, is the requiredness signal" pattern already documented for `nl/kvk/bv-formation` and `nl/kvk/sole-proprietorship-registration-eenmanszaak`. Pages 5-8 of the same PDF are the form's own official English-language field-by-field guide (section-numbered, matching the numbered sections on pages 1-4), used directly to write each field's `description` and to resolve which sections are conditional ("if appointed", "if applicable"). - **Retrieved / reviewed:** 2026-07-10. - **Reviewer:** GovSchema Engineering (Standards Engineer — initial authoring source review). ## What was confirmed against the source | Source element | Field(s) | |---|---| | §1 (p.1): contact information for this case | `contactFullName`, `contactPostalAddress`, `contactPostcode`, `contactTownCity`, `contactEmail`, `contactPhoneDaytime`, `contactHasDepositAccount`, `contactDepositAccountNumber` | | §2 (p.1): business address | `businessPostalAddress`, `businessPostcode`, `businessTownCity`, `businessEmailAddress` | | §3 (p.1): business name proposals | `businessNameProposal1`, `businessNameProposal2`, `businessNameProposal3` | | §6 (p.1), guide §6 (p.5): share capital, minimum SEK 25,000 | `shareCapitalAmountSek`, `numberOfShares` | | §7 (p.1), guide §7 (p.6): founder identity/name | `founderIdOrOrgNumber`, `founderResidesAbroad`, `founderCountry`, `founderFullName` | | §8 (p.2), guide §8 (p.6): board member identity/address, EEA-residency note | `boardMemberIdNumber`, `boardMemberResidesAbroad`, `boardMemberCountry`, `boardMemberSurname`, `boardMemberFirstNames`, `boardMemberPostalAddress`, `boardMemberPostcode`, `boardMemberTownCity` | | §9 (p.2), guide §9 (p.7): deputy board member | `deputyBoardMemberIdNumber`, `deputyBoardMemberResidesAbroad`, `deputyBoardMemberCountry`, `deputyBoardMemberSurname`, `deputyBoardMemberFirstNames`, `deputyBoardMemberPostalAddress`, `deputyBoardMemberPostcode`, `deputyBoardMemberTownCity` | | §18 (p.4), guide §18 (p.8): five signatory-power alternatives | `signatoryPowerType`, `signatoryPowerOtherText` | | §20 (p.4): declaration bullet points, signature | `signerPrintedName`, `signatureDate`, `documents[].declarationStatement`, `documents[].signerHandwrittenSignature` | | p.5: attachments always required | `documents[].memorandumOfAssociation`, `documents[].articlesOfAssociation`, `documents[].bankCertificate`, `documents[].shareSubscriptionList` | | p.6-7: passport-copy attachment for anyone not in the Swedish population register | `documents[].founderPassportCopy`, `documents[].boardMemberPassportCopy`, `documents[].deputyBoardMemberPassportCopy` | ## What is NOT independently confirmed / out of scope - **No PDF-level `Required` flags.** As noted above, none of the 156 AcroForm fields set the PDF's own Required bit; `required`/`requiredWhen` assignments in this document are derived from the form's own numbered prose instructions and standard registration necessity, not a confirmed submission-time gate. - **Non-cash (in-kind) property contributions (apportegendom).** The form's §6 asks for cash and non-cash amounts as separate boxes, and p.6 lists a substantial extra attachment set for non-cash contributions (a statement in the memorandum, two years of financial statements if the property is a business, an authorized-auditor valuation statement). Out of scope: this document models only an all-cash contribution, the same class of scoping decision `nl/kvk/bv-formation` makes for "non-cash (in-kind) capital contributions." - **Chair of the board (§10).** Applies "only if the board consists of more than one board member" (p.7 guide) — moot in this document's one-ordinary- board-member scope. - **Managing director / deputy managing director (§§11-12), specially authorized signatory (§13).** All three are "if appointed" roles a private aktiebolag is not required to have (unlike a public aktiebolag, which must appoint a managing director); out of scope, matching this document's minimal-officer scoping. - **Person authorized to receive service of process (§14).** Required only "if the company does not have an authorized representative who is resident (domiciled) in Sweden" (p.7 guide). This document scopes to a Sweden-resident founder/board member/deputy (i.e. `foundeResidesAbroad` etc. all `false` in the common case), so this role is never triggered in scope; the abroad-resident branch (which would also require an EEA-residency-exemption application per §8's guide) is a real, disclosed future companion-schedule candidate, not a sourcing dead end. - **Auditor, deputy auditor, accounting-firm-as-auditor (§§15-17).** Sweden has exempted small private companies from mandatory audit since 2010 (below specific balance-sheet/turnover/employee thresholds); this document assumes the newly formed company qualifies for that exemption, the common case for a brand-new single-founder aktiebolag, and does not model the auditor-appointment branch. A future companion-schedule cycle could add it, mirroring how `jp/houmukyoku/stock-company-establishment-registration-application-board-of-directors` models Japan's mandatory-auditor branch for its own board-installed variant. - **Secondary business name (§§4-5).** An optional bifirma naming a distinct part of the business; out of scope as an edge case beyond the core registration. - **Other matters (§19).** Free-text catch-all for a second founder (beyond the two rows the base form pre-prints), lay auditors, or other overflow content; out of scope by this document's single-founder/no-auditor scoping. - **Registration fee amount.** The form itself states only that "we will send you a notification... with information about the registration fee and how to pay it" (p.4) — no fee amount is printed on the form, so no `payment`-category `documents[]` entry is modelled (a fabricated amount from an external, unlinked fee schedule would fail this document's own source-fidelity bar). - **Beneficial-ownership registration.** The form's own closing note (p.8) states this is a **separate** filing with Bolagsverket, due within four weeks of registration — a distinct, downstream filing not modelled here, the same class of exclusion `nl/kvk/bv-formation` applies to KVK's UBO Formulier 30. - **Address decomposition.** All postal addresses are modelled as single free-text strings, matching the form's own single free-text address box per person/entity, not a decomposed street/number/postal-code/city object. - **Live e-service parity.** The form's own p.5 notes a `verksamt.se` e-service alternative exists (Swedish-only); not screened this cycle — this document is sourced entirely from the paper/PDF form, not a live wizard walkthrough. ## Scope and jurisdiction notes - Opens **Sweden as GovSchema's 29th jurisdiction**, with one vertical (Business Formation) modelled; Sweden's other five verticals (Passport, DMV, Taxes, Visa, National ID) are open, unscreened backlog candidates for a future cycle. - Scoped to the single-founder/sole-ordinary-board-member case (the founder is also the company's one ordinary board member), the same narrowing `nl/kvk/bv-formation`, `de/handelsregister/gmbh-formation-musterprotokoll`, and `za/cipc/private-company-incorporation` each apply to their own jurisdiction's first true-limited-company schema — the natural first cut, deferring the multi-founder/multi-board-member/auditor-appointed variants to a future version. - The mandatory deputy board member (Aktiebolagslagen 8:3, triggered whenever the board has fewer than three ordinary members) is modelled as **required**, not optional — a genuine legal consequence of this document's own board-size scoping, the same kind of disclosed, scope-driven requiredness change `jp/houmukyoku/stock-company-establishment-registration-application-board-of-directors` made for its mandatory-auditor field. - Conditional flow is expressed with `requiredWhen` throughout (GSP-0013); no branch in this document's scope disqualifies the applicant, so no `transitions`/`exitReason` construct is used. ## Path to a `verified` claim (next step) To advance to `status: verified`, a reviewer confirms the exact requiredness Bolagsverket enforces when Form 816 is filed (paper or via `verksamt.se`), whether the small-company audit exemption genuinely applies with no further declaration on this form, and whether `verksamt.se`'s e-service exposes any field this paper-form sourcing does not — recording the outcome here, shipping a new schema version if discrepancies are found (VERSIONING.md §3, immutability). ## Test run A mock `conformance/se/bolagsverket/aktiebolag-formation/1.0.0/application-packet.json` scenario (Elin Bergström, a single-founder Gothenburg IT-consultancy aktiebolag, all-cash SEK 25,000 share capital for 2,500 shares, Elin as the sole ordinary board member and Sweden-resident, Oskar Lindqvist as the mandatory Sweden-resident deputy board member, signatory alternative 1) was checked with a from-scratch script re-implementing this document's own `required`/`requiredWhen` condition grammar (GSP-0013). Result: **0 errors** across all 41 fields (35 collected, 6 correctly marked not-applicable). Two mutation tests confirmed the condition grammar fires correctly in both directions: (1) changing `signatoryPowerType` to `other_specified_below` without adding `signatoryPowerOtherText` correctly raised 1 missing-required-field error; (2) changing `boardMemberResidesAbroad` to `true` without adding `boardMemberCountry` correctly raised 1 missing-required-field error. The schema was also validated against the GovSchema v0.3 meta-schema with `tools/validate-ajv.mjs` (pass). ## Re-verification Per the practice's Cadence, `nextReviewBy` is set to **2027-01-10** (6 months).