{
  "$schema": "https://govschema.org/spec/v0.3/govschema.schema.json",
  "govschemaVersion": "0.3.0",
  "id": "ee/rik/private-limited-company-foundation",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "title": "Estonia Private Limited Company (Osaühing / OÜ) Foundation Petition",
  "description": "The petition for entry of a newly-founded private limited company (osaühing, OÜ — Estonia's equivalent of an LLC) in the Commercial Register, submitted through the e-Business Register (e-äriregister) portal and reviewed by the Registration Department of Tartu County Court. Estonia has no single downloadable 'application form' for this process — the petition is instead built from the data the Commercial Code (Äriseadustik) requires a memorandum of association and articles of association to set out, plus the data the Commercial Register Act (Äriregistri seadus) requires on the resulting registry card — a portal-driven filing this registry models the same way it modelled Poland's passport application (governing statute as primary source, GOV-1685) and Estonia's own e-Residency application (GOV-1698). Scoped to the single-founder case — a natural person founding an OÜ alone, monetary or non-monetary contribution, with or without a supervisory board/procurator/auditor — since the Commercial Code's memorandum-of-association clause on 'division of shares among the founders' (§138(2)(4)) only becomes multi-valued once a second founder is added, a materially larger v1.1.0+ scope this document deliberately excludes (see VERIFICATION.md). GovSchema is independent and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by the Government of Estonia, the Centre of Registers and Information Systems (RIK), or the Estonian court system.",
  "status": "draft",
  "jurisdiction": {
    "country": "EE",
    "level": "national"
  },
  "authority": {
    "name": "Registration Department of Tartu County Court",
    "abbreviation": "Tartu Maakohtu registriosakond",
    "url": "https://www.kohus.ee/en/estonian-courts/estonian-court-system/district-courts/tartu-maakohus/land-registry-and-registration",
    "operatedBy": {
      "name": "Centre of Registers and Information Systems",
      "abbreviation": "RIK",
      "url": "https://www.rik.ee/en/e-business-register/e-business-register-portal",
      "basis": "The commercial register is maintained and petitions are reviewed by the Registration Department of Tartu County Court (the statutory 'registrar', Commercial Register Act §§9, 40-43), but RIK develops and manages the e-Business Register (e-äriregister) portal — the information system through which a digitally-signed petition for entry is actually submitted (Commercial Register Act §40(3))."
    }
  },
  "process": {
    "type": "registration",
    "language": "en"
  },
  "source": {
    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240521195859/https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/tolge/pdf/503012023001",
    "retrievedAt": "2026-07-08",
    "documentRef": "Commercial Register Act (Äriregistri seadus), official English translation, Riigi Teataja, consolidated text in force from 18.03.2025 (RT I, in force until superseded) — §§9-14 (registry/registry-card data), §§40-43 (form, manner, and review of a petition for entry). The live riigiteataja.ee page for this and every other Riigi Teataja document (including the direct /tolge/pdf/ download route) is a fully client-rendered Angular single-page app that returns an identical empty HTML shell to an unauthenticated fetch; the cited text was retrieved from the Wayback Machine's snapshot of the same URL (21 May 2024), consistent with this registry's established workaround for a government host that hangs/blanks on direct automated retrieval. Cross-referenced against the Commercial Code (Äriseadustik), official English translation, Wayback snapshot of https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/tolge/pdf/509012023001 (10 Aug 2023) — Chapter 18 'Foundation' (§§137-145), which sets out the memorandum-of-association and articles-of-association content requirements this document's fields are drawn from."
  },
  "verification": {
    "method": "manual-source-review-v1",
    "lastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-08",
    "verifiedBy": "GovSchema Engineering (Standards Engineer)",
    "nextReviewBy": "2027-01-08",
    "notes": "GOV-1705: GovSchema Standard Research cycle. Opens Estonia's Business Formation vertical (2nd EE schema, alongside ee/ppa/e-residency-application, GOV-1698) using the same 'governing statute as primary source' technique, since the live e-äriregister portal is authenticated (digital-signature login required, per Commercial Register Act §40) and offers no unauthenticated field-level view, and riigiteataja.ee itself is a client-rendered SPA that returns an empty shell to direct automated retrieval (worked around via Wayback Machine snapshots — see `source`). Chosen over re-screening older jurisdictions' confirmed-dead gaps (CL Visa/Taxes, re-confirmed dead in GOV-1698) since this registry's own prior-cycle note found opening new coverage inside an already-open, under-built jurisdiction (EE was 1/6 verticals before this cycle) beats fighting stale dead ends. See VERIFICATION.md for the full source inventory, field-by-field statutory citations, and every disclosed judgment call."
  },
  "maturity": {
    "level": "structural-reference",
    "criteria": {
      "structuralReference": true,
      "verifiedSchema": false,
      "agentReadySchema": false,
      "executionTestedSchema": false
    },
    "method": "maturity-self-assessment-v1",
    "assertedBy": "GovSchema Engineering (Standards Engineer)",
    "assertedAt": "2026-07-08"
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "fields": [
    {
      "name": "businessName",
      "label": "Business name (ärinimi)",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "description": "The proposed business name of the private limited company being founded, which must include the abbreviation 'osaühing' or 'OÜ'.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(1); Commercial Register Act §12(1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "registeredOfficeAddress",
      "label": "Registered office and address",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "The registered office (town/rural municipality) and address of the company being founded, to the accuracy of a building or part of a building registered in the address data information system.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(1); Commercial Register Act §12(5), §10(3)"
    },
    {
      "name": "contactEmail",
      "label": "E-mail address",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "E-mail address of the company, entered on the registry card.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Register Act §12(5)",
      "validation": {
        "pattern": "^[^\\s@]+@[^\\s@]+\\.[^\\s@]+$"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "founderFullName",
      "label": "Founder's name",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "Full name of the founder (a natural person founding the company alone — see VERIFICATION.md for this document's single-founder scope).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(2)"
    },
    {
      "name": "founderResidenceAddress",
      "label": "Founder's residence",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "Residence address of the founder.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(2)"
    },
    {
      "name": "founderPersonalIdentificationCode",
      "label": "Founder's personal identification code",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "sensitive-pii",
      "description": "Estonian personal identification code (isikukood) of the founder, or, in its absence, the founder's foreign personal identification code and date of birth.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Register Act §10(1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "shareCapitalAmount",
      "label": "Share capital",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "description": "The proposed amount of share capital, denominated in euros. No statutory minimum applies (the former EUR 2,500 minimum was abolished with effect from 1 February 2023); the founder must pay for the share in full before the petition for entry is submitted.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §136, §138(2)(3), §140(2)",
      "validation": {
        "minimum": 0.01
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "numberOfShares",
      "label": "Number of shares",
      "type": "integer",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Number of shares held by the founder.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(4)",
      "validation": {
        "minimum": 1
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "nominalValuePerShare",
      "label": "Nominal value per share",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Nominal value of each share, in euros.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(4)",
      "validation": {
        "minimum": 0.01
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "contributionType",
      "label": "Type of contribution",
      "type": "enum",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Whether the share is paid for in money or by a non-monetary contribution. A share is paid for in money unless the articles of association prescribe a non-monetary contribution.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §140(1)",
      "validation": {
        "enum": ["monetary", "non-monetary"]
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "nonMonetaryContributionDescription",
      "label": "Non-monetary contribution — description",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "contributionType",
        "equals": "non-monetary"
      },
      "description": "The item of the non-monetary contribution being transferred to the company (any monetarily appraisable thing or proprietary right; not a service or work, and not the founder's own activities in founding the company).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(6), §142(1)-(2)"
    },
    {
      "name": "nonMonetaryContributionValuationMethod",
      "label": "Non-monetary contribution — valuation method",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "contributionType",
        "equals": "non-monetary"
      },
      "description": "The method used to value the non-monetary contribution, based on the usual value of the thing or right (an auditor's valuation opinion is additionally required where the resulting share capital is at least EUR 25,000).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(6), §143(1)-(3)"
    },
    {
      "name": "sharesPaidInFull",
      "label": "Shares paid in full",
      "type": "boolean",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Declaration that the founder has paid for the share(s) in full — a monetary contribution into a bank account opened in the name of the company being founded — before submission of the petition for entry, as the law requires.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §140(2), §141"
    },
    {
      "name": "managementBoardMemberFullName",
      "label": "Management board member — name",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "Full name of the member of the management board (the company's sole managing/representing body unless a supervisory board is also formed).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(7); Commercial Register Act §12(7)"
    },
    {
      "name": "managementBoardMemberPersonalIdentificationCode",
      "label": "Management board member — personal identification code",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "classification": "sensitive-pii",
      "description": "Personal identification code of the management board member.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Register Act §12(7), §10(1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "hasSupervisoryBoard",
      "label": "Supervisory board formed?",
      "type": "boolean",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Whether a supervisory board is formed for the company. Forming one is optional for an OÜ.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(7)"
    },
    {
      "name": "supervisoryBoardMemberFullName",
      "label": "Supervisory board member — name",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "hasSupervisoryBoard",
        "equals": true
      },
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "Full name of a member of the supervisory board, where one is formed.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(7)"
    },
    {
      "name": "supervisoryBoardMemberPersonalIdentificationCode",
      "label": "Supervisory board member — personal identification code",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "hasSupervisoryBoard",
        "equals": true
      },
      "classification": "sensitive-pii",
      "description": "Personal identification code of the supervisory board member.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Register Act §10(1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "hasProcurator",
      "label": "Procurator appointed?",
      "type": "boolean",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Whether a procurator (an agent holding a broad statutory power of representation) is appointed for the company at foundation.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(8)"
    },
    {
      "name": "procuratorFullName",
      "label": "Procurator — name",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "hasProcurator",
        "equals": true
      },
      "classification": "pii",
      "description": "Full name of the procurator, where one is appointed.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(8); Commercial Register Act §13(2)"
    },
    {
      "name": "procuratorPersonalIdentificationCode",
      "label": "Procurator — personal identification code",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "hasProcurator",
        "equals": true
      },
      "classification": "sensitive-pii",
      "description": "Personal identification code of the procurator.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Register Act §13(2), §10(1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "hasAuditor",
      "label": "Auditor appointed?",
      "type": "boolean",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Whether an auditor is appointed for the company at foundation (independent of, and in addition to, the mandatory auditor valuation opinion that applies only where a non-monetary contribution and resulting share capital of at least EUR 25,000 is involved).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(8)"
    },
    {
      "name": "auditorNameOrFirm",
      "label": "Auditor — name or firm",
      "type": "string",
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "hasAuditor",
        "equals": true
      },
      "description": "Name of the auditor or auditing firm, where one is appointed.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(8)"
    },
    {
      "name": "projectedFoundationCosts",
      "label": "Projected costs of foundation",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "description": "The projected costs of founding the company (notarisation, state fee, and similar), in euros.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(9)"
    },
    {
      "name": "foundationCostsPaymentProcedure",
      "label": "Procedure for payment of foundation costs",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "description": "The agreed procedure for payment of the projected foundation costs (e.g. from the company's own funds once founded, or by the founder directly).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(2)(9)"
    },
    {
      "name": "financialYearStartMonthDay",
      "label": "Financial year — start (month-day)",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Month and day on which the company's financial year begins, in MM-DD form (most commonly 01-01).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §145(1)(7)",
      "validation": {
        "pattern": "^(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "financialYearEndMonthDay",
      "label": "Financial year — end (month-day)",
      "type": "string",
      "required": true,
      "description": "Month and day on which the company's financial year ends, in MM-DD form (most commonly 12-31).",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §145(1)(7)",
      "validation": {
        "pattern": "^(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "legalReserveAmount",
      "label": "Legal reserve — amount",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "description": "The amount at which the articles of association fix the company's legal reserve (a mandatory reserve funded from annual net-profit transfers), in euros.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §139(1)(7)"
    },
    {
      "name": "managementBoardRepresentationRule",
      "label": "Management board — right of representation",
      "type": "enum",
      "required": false,
      "description": "Where the management board has more than one member, whether each member may represent the company alone or only jointly with (an)other member(s). Left unspecified where the board has a single member or the articles of association do not deviate from the statutory default.",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §139(1)(7¹)",
      "validation": {
        "enum": ["each-member-solely", "members-jointly"]
      }
    }
  ],
  "documents": [
    {
      "id": "memorandumOfAssociation",
      "label": "Memorandum of association (or notarised foundation resolution for a sole founder)",
      "category": "supporting-evidence",
      "required": true,
      "issuingAuthority": "Notary (Estonia) or digitally signed by the founder via the e-Business Register",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(1), (3)-(5)"
    },
    {
      "id": "articlesOfAssociation",
      "label": "Articles of association (annexed to the memorandum of association)",
      "category": "supporting-evidence",
      "required": true,
      "issuingAuthority": "Notary (Estonia) or digitally signed by the founder via the e-Business Register",
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §138(3), §139"
    },
    {
      "id": "nonMonetaryContributionValuationDocuments",
      "label": "Valuation documents for a non-monetary contribution (and auditor's opinion where required)",
      "category": "supporting-evidence",
      "required": false,
      "requiredWhen": {
        "field": "contributionType",
        "equals": "non-monetary"
      },
      "sourceRef": "Commercial Code §142(1), §143(1), (3)"
    },
    {
      "id": "stateFeePayment",
      "label": "State fee for entry of the company in the commercial register",
      "category": "payment",
      "required": true,
      "sourceRef": "State Fees Act (Riigilõivuseadus); see VERIFICATION.md for this cycle's disclosed non-confirmation of the exact current fee schedule"
    }
  ],
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "company_identity",
      "title": "Company identity",
      "fields": ["businessName", "registeredOfficeAddress", "contactEmail"],
      "next": "founder"
    },
    {
      "id": "founder",
      "title": "Founder",
      "fields": ["founderFullName", "founderResidenceAddress", "founderPersonalIdentificationCode"],
      "next": "share_capital"
    },
    {
      "id": "share_capital",
      "title": "Share capital and contribution",
      "fields": ["shareCapitalAmount", "numberOfShares", "nominalValuePerShare", "contributionType", "nonMonetaryContributionDescription", "nonMonetaryContributionValuationMethod", "sharesPaidInFull"],
      "next": "governance"
    },
    {
      "id": "governance",
      "title": "Management board, supervisory board, procurator, auditor",
      "fields": ["managementBoardMemberFullName", "managementBoardMemberPersonalIdentificationCode", "managementBoardRepresentationRule", "hasSupervisoryBoard", "supervisoryBoardMemberFullName", "supervisoryBoardMemberPersonalIdentificationCode", "hasProcurator", "procuratorFullName", "procuratorPersonalIdentificationCode", "hasAuditor", "auditorNameOrFirm"],
      "next": "foundation_terms"
    },
    {
      "id": "foundation_terms",
      "title": "Foundation costs, legal reserve, and financial year",
      "fields": ["projectedFoundationCosts", "foundationCostsPaymentProcedure", "legalReserveAmount", "financialYearStartMonthDay", "financialYearEndMonthDay"]
    }
  ]
}